The growth of a single species or strain of an organism in the absence of any other living species or strain.

A non-feeding and usually inactive stage in insect development which occurs between the larval and adult stages.

With a depression in the center.

A small wheel that turns by a belt to transmit or apply power.

Turning the soil into a muddy or watertight paste through secondary tillage.

A soil whose structure has been mechanically destroyed, allowing the soil to run together when saturated with water. A soil that has been puddled is usually in a massive nonstructural state.

Having a fuzzy surface; specifically, covered with fine soft short hairs.

Apparent resistance which results from transitory characters in potentially susceptible host plants. Types of pseudoresistance are host evasion, induced resistance, and escape.

Plants which prefer or tolerate sand, particularly fine to medium sand, as a habitat.

To cut off what is not needed, such as to prune tillers so that the number of tillers in each entry is uniform.

An in vitro technique of producing somatic hybrids between two cultivars, species, or genera. Protoplast fusion provides the unique opportunity to exploit cytoplasmic variability in two parental lines.

The isolation and culture of these protoplasts in nutrient medium to form callus and to regenerate plants.

Plant cell from which the cell wall has been removed, usually by enzymatic process.

That portion of cellular tissue active in life processes.

Maturation of the pistils (female part) before the stamen (male part).

The anterior division of the thorax of an insect, bearing the first pair of legs.

The amount of protein in a living organism based on the analysis for total n. The percent protein is computed by multiplying the percent n by 6.25.

A biopolymer consisting of many different amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Proteins can be more than 100 amino acids long and are very complex in structure.

Lying flat on the ground.

The first two-keeled bract and bladeless rudimentary leaf at the base of the main culm. A membranous structure between the shoot and stem in grasses. Morphologically it is the first leaf of the developing shoot.